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mevalonate pathway→Ras/Rho inhibition→apoptosis induction
Statins inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma through mevalonate pathway blockade, suppression of Ras/Rho GTPase signaling, induction of apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory effects. Evidence includes clinical studies on prevention, outcomes improvement with nonsurgical curative treatments, and palliative applications. This is a researcher-prioritized domain with meaningful observational and clinical evidence.
“Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Statins: Clinical Evidence and Plausible Mechanisms.”
— Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Statins: Clinical Evidence and Plausible Mechanisms. (2019)DOI“Statins improve outcomes of nonsurgical curative treatments in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.”
— Statins improve outcomes of nonsurgical curative treatments in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. (2016)DOI“Statin-Based Palliative Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.”
— Statin-Based Palliative Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. (2015)DOI“Chemopreventive Effect of Statin on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Cirrhosis.”
— Chemopreventive Effect of Statin on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Cirrhosis. (2021)DOI“Lipophilic but not hydrophilic statins have been shown to be associated with reduced risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.”
— Atorvastatin favorably modulates a clinical hepatocellular carcinoma risk gene signature. (2022)DOI“Efficacy and Safety of Statin for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prevention Among Chronic Liver Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.”
— Efficacy and Safety of Statin for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prevention Among Chronic Liver Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. (2021)DOI“[Statin for the prevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: use or wait?]”
— [Statin for the prevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: use or wait?] (2025)DOI“They concluded that statins users have a lower risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than statin non-users.”
— Letter to the Editor: Statin Reduces the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in CHB Patients. (2020)DOI“No randomized controlled trials have been completed to see whether statin can decrease hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.”
— Statin use and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic hepatitis B: an emulated target trial using longitudinal nationwide population cohort data. (2023)DOI“[Advances and controversies of statins application in prevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma].”
— [Advances and controversies of statins application in prevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma]. (2021)DOI“Statins in Hepatitis B or C Patients Is Associated With Reduced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.”
— Statins in Hepatitis B or C Patients Is Associated With Reduced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (2022)DOI“This study aimed to explore whether the prediagnostic use of metformin and statins is associated with the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and type 2 diabetes.”
— The Association of Metformin, Other Antidiabetic Medications, and Statins with the Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study. (2024)DOI“Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the contribution of statins to the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.”
— A Meta-Analysis of Statin Use and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. (2022)DOI“13 CHEMOPREVENTIVE EFFECT OF STATIN ON HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS”
— 13 CHEMOPREVENTIVE EFFECT OF STATIN ON HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS (2021)DOI“Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the application of statins and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease.”
— [Meta-analysis of the effects of statins on the risk of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma]. (2021)DOI“We aimed to evaluate the survival benefits of coadministering statins and multityrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).”
— The Impact of Statins on the Survival of Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Sorafenib or Lenvatinib. (2024)DOI“Metformin and Statins and their role in reducing Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk: Randomized trials are needed.”
— Metformin and Statins and their role in reducing Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk: Randomized trials are needed. (2024)DOI“Combined Use of Aspirin and Statin is Associated With a Decreased Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.”
— Combined Use of Aspirin and Statin is Associated With a Decreased Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. (2021)DOI“Statins may lower the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by mitigating liver fibrosis progression.”
— Statin Use and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease. (2025)DOI“Statins can decrease hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence, but the magnitude and the predictors of these effects remain unclear.”
— Statin Use Decreases the Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Updated Meta-Analysis. (2020)DOI“Statins have been reported to reduce overall death and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence in liver transplantation (LT) recipients.”
— Effect of statins on the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: An illusion revealed by exposure density sampling. (2023)DOI“Statins decrease the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.”
— Statins decrease the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (2024)DOI“Studies of populations with HBV and HCV suggest a protective, dose-dependent effect of statins on hepatocellular carcinoma risk and support the theory that statins may offer clinical benefit if used as chemoprophylactic agents to reduce liver cancer incidence.”
— Can statins lessen the burden of virus mediated cancers? (2022)DOI“Epidemiologic studies suggested the role of aspirin and statins in the chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).”
— Statin and aspirin for chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma: Time to use or wait further? (2022)DOI“Aspirin and statins have been suggested to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).”
— Association of aspirin and statin use with the risk of liver cancer in chronic hepatitis B: A nationwide population-based study. (2021)DOI“Statins, metformin, and aspirin have been reported to reduce the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).”
— Association of perioperative use of statins, metformin, and aspirin with recurrence after curative liver resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A propensity score matching analysis. (2023)DOI“Statins Reduce Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease: A 17-Year Longitudinal Study.”
— Statins Reduce Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease: A 17-Year Longitudinal Study. (2022)DOI“Meta-analysis: Chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma with statins, aspirin and metformin.”
— Meta-analysis: Chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma with statins, aspirin and metformin. (2023)DOI“Metformin and statins reduce hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic hepatitis C patients with failed antiviral therapy.”
— Metformin and statins reduce hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic hepatitis C patients with failed antiviral therapy. (2024)DOI“BackgroundUse of statins is associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).”
— Statin Use is Associated With a Lower Risk of Recurrence After Curative Resection in BCLC Stage 0-a Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2020)DOI“Use of statins is associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).”
— Statin use is associated with a lower risk of recurrence after curative resection in BCLC stage 0-A hepatocellular carcinoma. (2021)DOI“Background The benefit of statins in overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after curative liver resection has been controversial.”
— IDDF2020-ABS-0210 Statin use associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality in hepatocellular carcinoma patients following liver resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020)DOI